(a) Why did Mendel carry out an experiment to study inheritance of two traits in garden pea?
(b) What were his findings with respect to inheritance of traits in F1 and F2 generation?
(c) State the ratio obtained in the F2 generation in the above mentioned experiment. (AI 2020)

(a) Mendel performed crosses between two qualities to observe how they interacted and how their inheritance patterns differed. When two character pairings were taken into consideration for Mendel’s dihybrid cross, it was found that each characteristic expressed independently of the other.

(b) An example of a cross between parents would be a round yellow and wrinkled green hybrid.

In the F₁ generation, all plants are with round yellow seeds.

But in the F₂ generation, we find all types of plants: Round yellow =9, Round green =3, Wrinkled yellow =3, and Wrinkled green =1.
F₂ generation Phenotypic ratio: 9:3:3:1

F₂ generation genotypic ratio : 1:2:2:4:1:2:1:2:1