| Reflex actions | Involuntary actions |
| (i) Quick spontaneous reactions to a stimulus without conscious brain activity | (i) Takes place outside of an organism’s conscious awareness |
| (ii) Controlled by spinal cord | (ii) Is controlled by the midbrain or medulla oblongata |
| (iii) Extremely rapid and immediate | (iii)Slower than usual |
| (iv) Possible to include any muscle or gland | (iv)Only includes smooth muscles |
| .(v) Can be conditioned | .(v)Cannot be influenced by external conditioning |
| (vi) Examples: Blinking of eyes, salivation | (vi) Examples: Beating of the heart, blood circulation |
