CH 9 VITAL VILLAGES, THRIVING TOWNS

a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.

Etymology. The immediate precursor of the rupee is the rūpiya—the silver coin weighing 178 grains minted in northern India by first Sher Shah Suri during his brief rule between 1540 and 1545 and adopted and standardized later by the Mughal Empire.

They were called punch- mark because the designs were punched onto the metal of the coins. Archaeologist have excavated many settlement in these Janpada such as Puran Qial and Hastinapur , and have found wall made of brick and stone with tell us that thismight have been built for protections

Gujarat is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of about 1,600 km – longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula – and a population of 60.4 million. It is the fifth-largest Indian state by area and the ninth-largest state by population.

Varanasi.

Arikamedu: Arikamedu, located near Puducherry, was an important coastal and port town in ancient India. As a coastal town, Arikamedu served as the focal point for trading with the Roman empire. It exported textiles, beads, precious stones, imported wine and olive oil from Rome.

Bharuch district • Total 6,509 km2 (2,513 sq mi) Population (2011) • Total 1,551,019 • Density 240/km2 (620/sq mi)

Bharuch (formerly commonly known as Broach) in India, is a district in the southern part of the Gujarat peninsula on the west coast of state of Gujarat with a size and population comparable to that of Greater Boston.

Bharuch was an important point for imports and exports. The main items of imports included; wine, copper, tin, lead, coral, topaz, cloth, gold and silver coins. The main items of exports included; plants from the Himalayas, ivory, agate, carnelian, cotton, silk and perfumes

It was known as Barygaza (Ancient Greek: Βαρύγαζα) (meaning “deep-treasure“), Bargosa etc. for the Greek, and later the Romans adopted the Greek name of this port