SOLUTION :
The structure and functioning of nephrons :
Structure of Nephron
i) The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
ii) A nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney.
iii) The main components of the nephron:
Glomerulus,
Bowman’s capsule
Long tubule.
iv) It consists of a tubule which is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup-shaped structure at the other end.
Functions of nephron:
i) The blood enters the kidney through the renal artery (which branches into capillaries associated with the glomerulus).
ii) Water and solute are transferred to Bowman’s capsule.
iii) In the proximal convoluted tubule, glucose and salts are selectively reabsorbed.
iv) After that filtrate moves down into the loop of Henle.
v) Then move upward to the distal tubules , convoluted tubule and finally into the collecting duct. vi )This filtrate contains ammonia , glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water.