HISTORY

Background. As Shaista Khan, the Mughal governor, was in Deccan for more than three years fighting the Marathas, the financial condition of the Maratha Kingdom was dire.

The Khalistan movement is a Sikh separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing a sovereign state, called Khālistān (‘Land of the Khalsa’), in the Punjab region. The proposed state would consist of land that currently forms Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan.

the PureKhalsa, (Punjabi: “the Pure”) the purified and reconstituted Sikh community instituted by Guru Gobind Singh on March 30, 1699 (Baisakhi Day; Khalsa Sikhs celebrate the birth of the order on April 13 of each year).

Answer: The term ‘Khalsa’ implies the ‘army of the pure‘. It was started as a retaliation for the economic and political repression in Punjab towards the end of Aurangzeb’s rule. It was founded by Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth guru of the Sikhs.

Causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire: Weak Successors: … Degeneration of the Mughal Nobility: … Aurangzeb’s Religious persecution of the Hindus: … Demoralization of the Mughal Army: … Economic Bankruptcy: … Invasions: … Size of the Empire and Challenge from Regional Powers: … Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy:

iv)In the 18th century, the Sikhs organised themselves into a number of bands called jathas and later on misls. Their combined forces were known as the grand army (dal khalsa). v)A system called rakhi was introduced, offering protection to cultivators on the payment of a tax of 20 per cent of the produce.

Explanation: States that were Mughal provinces earlier, such as Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad, became independent and powerful, but they did not break all ties with the Mughal Empire. States under the control of Marathas, Sikhs, and Jats that had seized their independence after a long battle with the Mughals.

Who were the very powerful governors of Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad among the early and later Mughal rulers? Ans. All three states were founded by members of the high Mughal nobility who had been governors of large provinces – Sa’adat Khan (Awadh), Murshid Quli Khan (Bengal) and Asaf Jah (Hyderabad).

Guru Gobind Singh established the concept of the Khalsa rule in Punjab. It helped them fight the Mughals for years, and also resist the rule of Ahmad Shah Abdali who seized Punjab and Sirhind from the Mughals.

Expert-verified answerquestion Hyderabad, Bengal and Awadh are the most important princely states of the Indian subcontinent during the British Rule. They were ruled by Nawabs. They were found to be the highest revenue payers to the British. All the three states were Independent.