CIVICS

Rajiv Kumar today assumed charge as the 25th Chief Election Commissioner of India at Nirvachan Sadan, New Delhi. Mr Kumar took charge from Sushil Chandra, who demitted office yesterday.

The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body under the ownership of Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. It was established by the Constitution of India to conduct and regulate elections in the country.

Some general challenges are Illiteracy, unemployment, malnutrition, lack of infrastructure, transportation, medical facility, fundamental needs (electricity, drinking water, sanitation, communication), and geographical inaccessibility.

Again due to the nationwide lockdown poverty level is increasing in India which will become a major issue in rural development. Connectivity. … Electricity and water supplies. … Education/Literacy. … Employment. … Migration to urban areas. … Land Reforms.

The objective of Village Development Plan is to develop the selected village in an integrated manner. This would include economic development, infrastructure development and other aspects of human development i.e., education, health, drinking water supply, etc., besides access to credit.

1. Villages should be provided with good transportation facilities. 2. There should be proper drainage,good sanitation facilities and electricity facilities should be provided.

To be classified as a village, a settlement must have both a place of worship and a central meeting point. In the past, villages grew as small farming communities, living off the land which they farmed themselves.

Inequality. … Conflict. … Hunger, malnutrition, and stunting. … Poor healthcare systems — especially for mothers and children. … Little (or zero) access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene. … Climate change. … Lack of education. … Poor public works and infrastructure.

For the purposes of this book, we can identify six types of poverty: situational, generational, absolute, relative, urban, and rural. Situational poverty is generally caused by a sudden crisis or loss and is often temporary.

The causes of rural poverty in South Africa stem from historically-generated power inequalities. These have not been substantially altered by the configurations of power which have emerged since the transition to democratic rule.