The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and cultural movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith.
Till recently, the 18th century was described as ‘Dark Age’–an age when chaos and anarchy ruled. The Mughal empire collapsed, regional powers failed to establish empires and stability returned only with the spread of British supremacy in the late 18th century.
In Europe, the eighteenth century was a period of intellectual, social, and political ferment. This time is often referred to as the Age of Enlightenment, for it was in the 18th century that the ideas of the previous 100 years were implemented on a broad scale.
Mughal dynasty, Mughal also spelled Mogul, Persian Mughūl (“Mongol”), Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century.
During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American, French, Polish, and Haitian revolutions. During the century, slave trading and human trafficking expanded across the shores of the Atlantic, while declining in Russia, China, and Korea.
The Eighteenth-Century India emerged as a politically chaotic and economically crisis-prone period. A different approach was adopted by scholars from the late 1950s, those who largely conformity with the Marxist framework began to provide explanations of Mughal decline in materialist terms.
the 18th centurySelect the reasons why the 18th century is considered as “the century of political problems”.
Answer: Temples were built in Bengal to house the local deities who had gained the recognition of the Brahmanas.
Shivaji organised a disciplined and efficient army. The ordinary soldiers were paid in cash, but big chief and military commander were paid through jagir grants (Saranjam or Mokasa). … The army was effective instrument of policies of Marathas State where rapidity of movement was the most important factors.
Answer: During the 18th-century merchants were more influential than the bankers. They used to provide more loan opportunities at higher interest rates. But now, with the spread of education people prefer banks which provide loans and other financial assistance at cheaper rates.
