Archimedes’ principle, stated as follows:
“When a body is immersed fully or partially in a fluid, it experiences an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it. “
The Archimedes law, which was developed by Archimedes of Syracuse in Greece, provides the thrust force value. When an object is submerged in a liquid, whether completely or partially, the apparent weight loss is equal to the weight of the liquid that it has displaced.
Archimedes’ Principle Explanation
If you look at the illustration, the fluid’s thrust opposes the weight brought on by gravity. The weight of the object inside the liquid is the only force it is aware of. The object experiences a decrease in weight because the upthrust of the liquid reduces the actual gravitational force. Thus, the apparent weight is determined by:
Apparent weight = Weight of the object (in the air) – Thrust force (buoyancy)
The weight loss is equal to the weight of liquid the object displaces, according to Archimedes’ principle.
The Principle Formula of Archimedes
The Archimedes law states, in its most basic form, that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces.
mathematical notation for:
Fb = ρ x g x V
Fb is the buoyant force, the fluid density,
V the volume submerged, and
g the acceleration brought on by gravity.
Derivation of Archimedes’ Principle
We are aware that the definition of density is
Density ( ρ) = Mass (M) / Volume (V)
As a result, the mass of the liquid that was displaced can be expressed as follows:
Mass (M) = Density ( ρ) x Volume (V)
Now, the weight of the liquid that was displaced can be determined as follows:
Weight ( W ) = Mass (m ) x acceleration due to gravity (g)
w = mg
w = ρ x v x g
We know from Archimedes’ principle that the weight of the water displaced equals the apparent loss of weight, so the thrust force is given by the following equation:
Thrust force = ρ x v x g
Where g is the acceleration brought on by gravity, V is the volume of liquid that has been displaced, and is the liquid’s density.
Because it causes objects to float, the thrust force is also known as the buoyant force. As a result, the law of buoyancy is another name for this equation.
Archimedes’ Principle Experiment
Take a water container and fill it all the way up.
You can now use a spring balance to determine the weight of any solid object you choose. Take note of this.
Submerge the object in the water while keeping it fastened to the spring balance. Just be careful not to submerge the spring balance.
Now record the weight that the spring balance has indicated. You’ll see that it’s decreased. The bowl will receive some water displacement.
Gather and weigh this water. You’ll discover that the weight loss of the object and the weight of the water are exactly equal.
Archimedes’ Principle Applications
Submarine:
Submarines have a feature called a ballast tank that allows water to enter, which causes the submarine to be in its position underwater because the weight of the submarine is greater than the buoyant force.
Air-filled balloons
Because the buoyant force of a hot-air balloon is less than that of the surrounding air, they rise and float in midair. The hot-air balloon begins to descend once its buoyant force exceeds a certain threshold. The amount of hot air in the balloon can be changed to achieve this.
Hydrometer:
An instrument called a hydrometer is used to gauge the relative density of liquids. The lead shots that make up a hydrometer cause them to float vertically on the liquid. The density of the liquid decreases as the hydrometer sinks lower.
FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions
Q. What is stated by the Archimedes Principle?
Ans – According to Archimedes’ principle, an object that is fully or partially submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force that is equal in strength to the force of gravity acting on the displaced fluid.
Q. Who made the Archimedes’ Principle public?
Ans– The Archimedes’ principle was discovered by the Greek mathematician Archimedes.
Q. How do ships fit into the Archimedes’ principle?
Ans – Archimedes carried out additional experiments and developed the buoyancy principle, according to which anything that is shaped to displace its own weight in water before submerging will float. A ship will float when the weight of the water it displaces equals the weight of the ship.
Q . When and how is the Archimedes principle applied?
Ans – The design of ships and submarines is based on Archimedes’ principle. Archimedes’ law serves as the foundation for hydrometers.
Q. How does the Archimedes’ Principle work to calculate density?
Ans – The buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid that was displaced. the result of dividing the mass by the volume